In November, Russian scientists managed to create a digital twin of a quarry, memory cells that can be used in photonic computers of the future, an efficient and environmentally friendly method of burning liquid fuel, a model energy system standard, as well as a technique for quickly and accurately detecting satellite engine malfunctions based on telemetry data.
💡 This material is from the cycle “Made in Russia 🇷🇺”, which describes the main domestic inventions, as well as important events in various fields of science and industry in Russia.
The technology of the digital twin of the quarry has been created, which will reduce the cost of mining by 10-15%
💡 In simple words
Experts from Moscow have developed a program that creates a digital copy of a quarry in real time and offers options for optimizing transport traffic, which leads to cheaper mining and increased safety. It can be used in any mining enterprise equipped with robotics, as well as modern sensor and telecommunication equipment.
👨🔬 In detail
Industrial automation is the way to the future. The mining industry has long begun to use smart robotics, automated control systems for transport and mining equipment. However, the telemetry data collected by these systems can be used even more efficiently than now. NUST MISIS specialists in the field of information technology and mining have developed specialized algorithms that allow real-time integration of geospatial and telemetric data into a dynamic 3D model of the infrastructure and technological environment of a quarry, called a digital twin. With the help of this program, autonomous vehicles can be introduced into opencast mining, which will reduce the cost of mining by 10-15%.
Such indicators are achieved due to the fact that the program, based on telemetric and geological data, sensor indicators, satellite photographs, technical documentation of existing equipment (dump trucks, excavators, loaders, etc.), can offer operational solutions in real time to optimize the movement of transport across the territory. career. In addition to improving the efficiency of mining and transportation of minerals, it also reduces the risk of hazardous situations. There are no analogs of the digital twin in Russian mining enterprises.
Memory for computers of the future: scientists have learned how to store data on a silicon ring using pulses of light
💡 In simple words
Scientists from St. Petersburg were the first to describe the effect due to which it is possible to record information using light pulses of different intensities. This opens the way to the creation of optical memory cells, and in the future – high-speed optical storage devices for computers of the future.
👨🔬 In detail
Modern electronic computers are approaching the limit of their capabilities in terms of the ratio of performance to energy consumption. Scientists around the world are looking for alternative ways to create integrated circuits for computers. One of the most promising projects is a photonic computer that works with light. Naturally, it is still very far from the realization of the final idea. However, steps in this direction are constantly being made. So, in November, scientists from ETU “LETI” managed to describe the effect due to which it is possible to record information in a miniature silicon ring microcavity (diameter about 0.2 mm) using light pulses of different intensities. This structure has a bistability effect. If pulses of light of low intensity are applied to it, then the output is “0”, high – “1”. In this way, information is recorded. It turns out that such a structure can be used to create optical memory cells, and in the future – high-speed optical devices for storing and processing information.
In Siberia, they came up with an environmentally friendly technology for burning liquid fuel
💡 In simple words
Russian scientists have found that if, when burning liquid fuel, a stream of superheated steam is supplied to the burner, then the emissions of harmful substances are significantly reduced (nitrogen oxides – by half, soot – by five, and the concentration of carbon monoxide oxide is reduced by almost one and a half times). At the same time, the new technology does not require updating the existing equipment and reduces the burden on the environment.
👨🔬 In detail
When using fossil fuels, toxic combustion products (nitrogen oxides NO and NO2) are emitted, which are hazardous to human health and also have a negative impact on the environment. Scientists of the Siberian Federal University have investigated the technology of burning liquid fuel by supplying a jet of superheated steam to the burner. It turned out that during the combustion of n-heptane, the supply of steam reduces the temperature in the burner by 100 degrees, the heat capacity increases and the fuel burns more intensively, and the emissions of nitrogen oxides are reduced by half, soot by five, and the concentration of carbon monoxide is reduced by almost one and a half. times. The results of the experiment carried out coincide with the data obtained in theoretical modeling, which indicates the potential for the practical use of domestic numerical models. It is also worth noting that the new technology does not require updating the heating equipment.
Tomsk scientists have developed a model energy system standard
💡 In simple words
Scientists of Tomsk Polytechnic University suggested using a model of a reference power system for more accurate theoretical calculations of various parameters, which will lead to an increase in the reliability and efficiency of complex modern systems. This work is a breakthrough not only for the Russian, but also for the world power industry.
👨🔬 In detail
Based on the global statistics of systemic accidents in the electric power industry, about half of them occur due to unreliable calculation results obtained using existing modeling tools. The problem of all-mode verification of the results of numerical calculations stands in the way of creating reliable and efficient power systems. At the same time, in modern systems it is necessary to take into account such complex details as the presence of FACTS devices (highly intelligent devices for monitoring and control of generating alternating current sources), HVDC systems (high-voltage direct current power lines), the complication of operating modes and processes due to the introduction of renewable generation and etc.
To solve the problem, the scientists of the Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU) decided to introduce the concept of a reference power system. It is a configurable multimodular complex for real-time simulation of power systems of any size and topology. The developed concept of verification based on a hybrid model standard is unique and has no analogues in the world energy sector. With the help of it, scientists have already formed the accuracy classes of mathematical models of modern devices FACTS, HVDC systems, as well as renewable energy sources.
In St. Petersburg, they came up with a method for quickly identifying malfunctions of satellite engines using telemetry data
💡 In simple words
Scientists from St. Petersburg managed to develop a universal analytical method, which, based on telemetric data (indicators from various sensors, and so on), makes it possible to determine malfunctions in complex modern systems, for example, satellite engines. Moreover, the method requires much less computing power, but gives the same accuracy as similar programs.
👨🔬 In detail
Telemetry systems, which automatically record, collect, process and transmit information about various indicators, are an integral part of modern complex cyber-physical systems, an example of which are aerospace objects (these can be aircraft, rockets, satellites, and so on). In addition, with the help of telemetry indicators, you can investigate incidents that have already occurred and deviations in the functioning of the system. True, at the same time, such a huge amount of data is generated that it is difficult to analyze it, even with enormous computing power. For example, the engines of the satellites, which were studied by the researchers of the St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, generated data every half a second on 400 parameters. And it was difficult to find evidence of malfunctions in such an array of data.
Therefore, scientists have developed a universal analytical method, which, based on telemetry data, makes it possible to determine the normal and abnormal states of the system. The approach is based on the representation of the behavior of a cyber-physical object in the form of a trajectory of a multidimensional point in space. For this, two-dimensional projections of the state of the system in time are formed, which are then used to form a quantitative assessment of the change in the state of the object. For normal and abnormal conditions, the images on the plane will be different. It is interesting that this method requires the use of significantly less computing power, not inferior in accuracy to analogs. In this case, the method is suitable not only for aerospace objects, but also for any other systems with telemetric data (for example, building heating and air conditioning systems).
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