The specialists of the Russian Quantum Center and the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences have created a prototype of a quantum computer based on ions. Scientists managed to build a system of four qubits without increasing the number of ions, but due to the original technology for scaling quantum processors using multilevel storage media – qudits.
As you know, in conventional computers the minimum unit of information is a bit that can take the value “zero” or “one”. At the same time, in quantum computers, this is a quantum bit (qubit) that can be in both states simultaneously. Since qubits can be coupled to each other, the number of states that a quantum processor can assume grows rapidly. As a result, it becomes possible to solve complex computational problems qualitatively faster than using classical computers.
Along with qubits, there are their extended versions – kudits. A kudit capable of simultaneously being in three states is called kutrit, and a kudit capable of simultaneously being in four states is called kukwart. The prototype, created by Russian scientists, consisted of two quarts, which is fully equivalent to four qubits.
The researchers captured two ions in a vacuum chamber. Then, with the help of a laser, they performed a set of one-qubit operations, a two-qubit operation inside a quudit, as well as an operation to entangle two particles (Mölmer-Sorenson). The experiment showed that the quality of operations between qubits connected in a quart is superior to the quality of operations on independent particles. It is argued that this will allow in the future to provide a higher quality implementation of quantum algorithms.
“For us, this is the first significant result in the work on the roadmap for quantum computing. A universal quantum computer with cloud access will be built on the created base by the end of 2024. Today, the ion platform demonstrates some of the most interesting results, which is especially noteworthy, since 5 years ago, ions were not considered a priority area of development, ”emphasized Ruslan Yunusov, Head of the Project Office for Quantum Technologies of ROSATOM.
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