People who take even mild Covid-19 have memory cells in their bone marrow, which can produce antibodies against it. coronavirus for several years or even decades, according to one new American scientific research, although virus variants may attenuate this protection, the RES reports.
The study reinforces the optimism of some scientists that the immunity for the new coronavirus will not be as temporary as for the common cold coronaviruses, but it will last for at least a year, if not many more years, something that remains to be seen. As long as the immunity is long lasting, many people who have taken Covid-19 will probably not need a booster of immunity through vaccination later.
Many people infected with SARS-CoV-2 are more likely to produce antibodies for much of their lives, according to researchers led by Dr. Ali Elebenti, an immunologist at the University of Washington, DC, St. Louis, Missouri, who made the relevant publication in the journal “Nature”, according to the “Times of New York”.
The study in 77 people who underwent mostly mild Covid-19 (only six had been hospitalized) located long-lived antibody-producing cells in the bone marrow of those who recovered. From this, the researchers made the optimistic assessment that the natural immunity “triggered” by coronavirus infection may have an unexpectedly long duration. At the same time, “it is presumed that the vaccines will have an equally lasting effect,” according to Meno van Zelm, an associate professor of immunology at Melbourne University Alone.
The study followed the development of antibodies over time in those who had coronavirus disease and found that four months after infection, antibody levels, as expected, showed a significant decrease. Nevertheless, gradually their reduction slowed down and up to 11 months after infection there were still detectable antibodies that recognized the coronavirus protein.
To trace the origin of these long-lived antibodies, the researchers collected samples from the bone marrow. Seven months after the onset of symptoms, most people were found to have B-memory cells that recognized the coronavirus, while many also had marrow plasma cells that produced new antibodies. On the other hand, some had almost no relative memory cells, which, according to Elebendi, shows that “Even if one is infected, it does not mean that one will definitely have a super-immune response.” therefore even someone who has recovered from Covid-19 may need to be vaccinated.
The production of antibodies, due to either natural or vaccine immunity, does not so far guarantee long-term protection against Covid-19. Elebdi estimated that, mainly due to the new variants of the coronavirus, a boosting dose will be needed to restore immunity to the necessary level.
A second encouraging study on Covid-19
A second study in 63 people who had gently passed Covid-19 a year ago, led by Professor of Immunology Michel Nussenweig of Rockefeller University in New York, which was pre-published in bioRxiv, found that memory B cells continue to mature and amplify for at least 12 months after the initial Covid-19 infection, which supports the findings of the first study.
“People who become infected and then get vaccinated have a really strong immune response to antibodies because they continue to develop their own antibodies. “I expect this to last for a long time,” Nussenweig said. He estimated, however, that the same immune memory may not be equally valid for those who are only vaccinated without having previously become ill, so they will probably need a booster dose. “This is something we will know very, very soon,” he added.
“Both studies are in line with growing medical publications “The immunity from the infection itself and from the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus vaccine appears to be long-lasting,” said Scott Hensley, an immunologist at the University of Pennsylvania.
But according to him Rafi Ahmed, an immunologist at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, “It is not clear what the level of antibodies will be in the long run and whether it will provide some protection. We are still at the beginning of the game “.
Therefore, it will take some time to clear the landscape about the duration of immunity and, in any case, the same is not expected to apply to all people -except- people.
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