Find out how important language is for good health

The tongue is a muscular organ involved in important functions, such as speech, swallowing and taste. A healthy tongue with normal characteristics has a pink color and a slightly irregular surface, due to the presence of lingual papillae. Variations in the appearance or surface of the tongue say a lot about the health of the mouth and other parts of the body, helping to detect some diseases.

Therefore, characteristics such as color, texture and shape of the tongue must always be observed. In this text, we will address some changes and their possible causes. Despite the expository content, evaluation by the dentist is essential for any diagnosis.

Changes and Possible Causes

1. Whitish Tongue

It may indicate a fungal infection, such as candidosis, dehydration, or digestive problems, such as gastroesophageal reflux. It can also be a consequence of inadequate hygiene, generating accumulation of residue and formation of tongue biofilm (coating). This increase may be associated with:

• Excessive peeling of the surface of the mouth;
• Changes in the quality and quantity of saliva, which loses its natural cleaning function;
• Food intolerances or allergies.

2. Persistent White Plaques

The presence of white plaques that do not come off may suggest a precancerous condition or characterize leukoplakia.

3. Swollen and Red Tongue

Swelling and redness may indicate infectious conditions (such as scarlet fever), fever, allergies or inflammation.

4. Smooth and Shiny Tongue

A polished appearance, caused by atrophy of the lingual papillae, may be a sign of:

• Decreased salivary flow;
• Dehydration;
• Vitamin deficiencies;
• Autoimmune diseases, such as Sjögren’s syndrome.

5. Tongue with Cracks or Fissures

Common in people with dry mouth, smokers, nutritional imbalances, and the elderly.

6. Crenate Tongue

Characterized by teeth marks along the tongue edge, caused by pressure of the tongue against the teeth. Common in patients with bite changes or who suffer from tension and stress.

7. Geographic Language

Condition in which the tongue displays map-like designs, with smooth, reddish regions and raised white margins. It varies depending on factors such as:

• Stress;
• Allergies;
• Vitamin deficiencies.

It can cause sensitivity to acidic and sour foods.

8. Pale Tongue

Indicative of:

• Anemia or iron deficiency;
• Vitamin deficiencies;
• Chronic diseases such as sickle cell anemia, kidney failure, cancer, lupus, or after bleeding.

9. Nodules and Ulcerations

The presence of lumps or wounds must be analyzed carefully. These signs may require an urgent professional approach.

Professional Support:

Other characteristics and changes in the tongue can be observed and clarified during routine consultations with the dentist, reinforcing the importance of these periodic visits for oral and general health.

This content was originally published in Find out how important language is for good health on the CNN Brasil website.

Source: CNN Brasil