1360: A coin called the franc is issued for the first time in France. It will remain in circulation until the entry of the euro in 2002.
1403: The Mongols, under Tamerlane, defeat the Ottoman Turks and occupy Smyrna.
1456: A strong earthquake shakes central Italy, killing 35,000 people.
1484: Pope Innocent V issues a papal voula that establishes the Holy Inquisition and condemns thousands of people to fire on charges of witchcraft.
1492: Christopher Columbus discovers a large Caribbean island called Espanyola. There are two states on the island today, the Dominican Republic and Haiti.
1496: King Manuel I of Portugal issues a decree deporting Jews from the country.
1792: George Washington is re-elected President of the United States.
1804: Thomas Jefferson re-elected President of the United States.
1826: The Greeks, under Georgios Karaiskakis, defeat the Ottomans in Turkochori.
1865: Peru forms an alliance with Chile against Spain.
1831: The 5th National Assembly begins, in Argos, to vote for a new Constitution after the assassination of Ioannis Kapodistrias.
1912: During World War I, Lieutenant Michael Moutousis made the first reconnaissance flight of a Greek military aircraft over the Turkish forts of Bizani. He responds to enemy fire by dropping grenades.
1920: The government of Dimitrios Rallis is holding a referendum on the return of King Constantine I and his return to the throne.
1920: The government of Dimitrios Ralli is holding a referendum for the return of Constantine I.
1933: The drinking ban in the US, which was imposed in 1920, is lifted.
1936: The Soviet Union adopts a new Constitution and establishes the Soviet Socialist Republic of Kyrgyzstan as a full-fledged Republic of the Soviet Union.
1941: During the Battle of Moscow, Georgi Zhukov launches a major Soviet counterattack against the German Army.
1941: Britain declares war on Finland, Hungary and Romania.
[1945: Five US Navy bombers, participating in an exercise with a crew of 14 men, mysteriously disappear. They are believed to have disappeared in the Bermuda Triangle. This group of planes will go down in history as the “Lost Flock”.
1955: The boycott of Montgomery’s buses, partly designed by Martin Luther King, Jr., begins as a protest against racial discrimination. The reason was the arrest of Rosa Parks, secretary of NAACP, when she refused to give her seat in the bus to a white man.
1975: Businessman and university professor Stratis Andreadis is removed from the management of the banks Emporiki, Ionian-Laiki and Investment, by decision of the government of Konstantinos Karamanlis. Temporary commissioners are appointed and then the three banks are nationalized.
1981: The Greek government decides to repeal Article 357 of the Penal Code, which provides for imprisonment for adultery.
1990: Premiere of the new OPAP game, Lotto.
2001: The President of Cyprus, Glafkos Clerides, responding to an invitation from the leader of the Turkish Cypriots, Rauf Denktash, goes for dinner at the house of the latter, in the self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Clerides crosses the Ledra Palace roadblock in occupied Nicosia for the first time since 1974.
2003: At least 46 people have been killed and 160 injured in a suicide attack by Chechen separatists on a train in southern Russia that is full of workers on their way to work.
2005: A magnitude 6.8 earthquake has shaken the eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing at least six people.
2006: A coup is taking place in the Fiji Islands, the fourth in the last twenty years. The military is occupied by soldier Frank Bainimarama.
Births
1443 – Pope Julius II
1687 – Francesco Gemignani, Italian violinist and composer
1782 – Martin Van Buren, 8th President of the United States
1803 – Fyodor Tuchev, Russian poet
1830 – Christina Rossetti, English poet
1867 – Jozef Pilsudski, Polish military and politician
1868 – Arnold Somerfeld, German physicist
1890 – Fritz Lang, Austrian director, screenwriter and producer
1891 – Alexander Rochenko, Russian painter and photographer
1901 – Walt Disney, American director, producer and animator
1901 – Werner Heisenberg, German physicist
1903 – Johannes Esters, Dutch actor and singer
1903 – Cecil Frank Powell, English physicist
1905 – Otto Preminger, American director
1908 – Dimitris Myrat, Greek actor and director
1927 – Pumipon Antuniadet, King of Thailand
1932 – Fazu Aliyeva, Russian poet and journalist
1934 – Nikos Kourkoulos, Greek actor
1937 – Sotir Ferrara, Italian bishop
1943 – Nicolae Vacaroiou, Romanian politician
1943 – Eva Jolie, French politician
[1945-MosheKatsavIsraelipolitician
1946 – Jose Carreras, Spanish tenor
1947 – Bruce Golding, Jamaican politician
1956 – Klaus Alofs, German footballer
1961 – Sofia Bossou, Greek singer
1962 – Jose Koura, Argentine tenor
1966 – Patricia Kaas, French singer
1970 – Tim Hetterington, English photojournalist
1993 – Ross Barkley, English footballer
Deaths
532 – Savvas the Holy, a Cappadocian monk
1082 – Raymond Berengarios II, Earl of Barcelona
1244 – John of Constantinople, Countess of Flanders
1560 – Francis II, King of France
1791 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer
1870 – Alexandros Doumas (father), French writer
1891 – Peter II, Emperor of Brazil
1913 – Anthimos VII, Patriarch of Constantinople
1925 – Vladislav Raymond, Polish writer
1926 – Claude Monet, French painter
1940 – Mordechai Frizis, Greek soldier
1943 – Giannis Angelopoulos, Greek baritone
1960 – Walter Dorvin Tig, American industrial designer
1969 – Princess Alice of Battenberg
1977 – Alexander Vasilyevsky, Russian soldier
1983 – Robert Aldrich, American director
1999 – Filippos Amoridis, Greek politician
2006 – George Lazanis, Greek actor and director
2007 – George Paraskevaidis, Cypriot businessman
2008 – Patriarch of Moscow Alexios II
2008 – Opy Zouni, Greek painter
2012 – Patriarch of Antioch Ignatius IV
2012 – Oscar Niemeyer, Brazilian architect
2013 – Nelson Mandela, South African politician
2014 – Menis Koumandareas, Greek writer
2014 – Fabiola, Queen of Belgium
2015 – Lakis Bellos, Greek journalist and playwright
2015 – Dimitar Popov, Bulgarian politician
2016 – Petros Fyssoun, Greek actor and director
2017 – August Ames, Canadian pornographic actress
2017 – Michael, King of Romania
2017 – Jean d’Ormesson, French writer
2017 – Johnny Halliday, French singer
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