Like today, November 13, 2021

1002: English King Ethelred of Wessex orders the killing of all Danes in England.

1093: The English defeat the Scots at the Battle of Annick. Malcolm III of Scotland and his son Edward are killed.

1646: Ottoman forces under Delhi Hussein Pasha occupy Rethymno from the Venetians.

1775: The US Army occupies British-occupied Montreal, Canada.

1822: Hydra fleet, under Lazaros Panagiotis, lands in Messolonghi 1,500 men under Petrobei Mavromichalis and Elias Tsalafantinos, Kanellos Deligiannis and Andreas Zaimis, to strengthen the Messolonghi Guard.

1857: The government of Dimitrios Voulgaris resigns and a new government is formed under Athanasios Miaoulis.

1864: The new Constitution of Greece is published. The Constitutional Monarchy is abolished and the Reigning Democracy is established.

1887: Around 10,000 people are protesting in London against British repression in Ireland, which is drowning in blood by the police. Three dead and hundreds injured are the toll. It will go down in history as “Bloody Sunday”, the first of four in British history.

1915: The United States and Haiti sign a treaty, which turns the latter into a US protectorate.

1930: The Holy Synod of the Church of Greece denies the establishment of civil marriage in the country.

1940: It stops any offensive activity of the Italians on Greek territory. The expulsion of the Italian troops from the Greek territory is completed.

1952: Dr. Harvard University Paul Jol uses electroshock for the first time as a treatment for heart attack.

1964: The operation of the Parnitha cable car begins.

1970: In Syria, Defense Minister Hafez al-Assad seized power in a coup and became president for life.

1972: The Corinth refinery is put into operation.

1973: The Minister of Education, Panagiotis Sifnaios, visits the Polytechnic and tries, in a joint meeting with the Senate, to intimidate the student struggle committees, in order to stop their action for the immediate holding of free elections in the schools. Government minister Markezini threatens to use force in the event of demonstrations and strikes.

1985: The Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupts and melts a glacier, causing lahar (volcanic mud landslide) to bury the city of Armero in Colombia, killing about 25,000 people.

1994: 52.2% of Swedes say “yes” to their country’s entry into the European Union.

1995: The city of Jenin is the first West Bank city to be handed over to the Palestinians after 28 years of Israeli occupation.

2000: The operation of the Western European Union, set up in 1948 by the Brussels Treaty, with the aim of jointly defending the non-communist European states, is suspended.

2001: The Taliban are leaving the Afghan capital, Kabul, unharmed, allowing it to be occupied by US-backed Northern Alliance forces.

2002: The sinking of the tanker “Prestige”, which carries more than 70,000 tons of oil from Lithuania to Singapore, is causing a huge ecological disaster off the coast of Spain. While sailing off the Spanish coast, one of its twelve tanks explodes in the midst of a severe storm. Unable to cope with the situation due to construction, the 26-year-old single-bottomed ship eventually sank 275 kilometers off the coast of Galicia. On November 19, it will break in two, releasing 17,000 tons of oil at sea. More than 100 coasts are being polluted, while fishing is banned 400 km from the coast, causing severe damage to the industry. In addition to environmental and economic consequences, the leak causes health problems in the cleaning crews.

2004: Yasser Arafat, who died on November 11 in Paris, is being buried at his headquarters in Ramallah. The burial of Abu Amar, as his revolutionary nickname was, is attended by thousands of Palestinians in a highly emotional atmosphere, while the funeral had taken place earlier in Cairo.

2009: American satellite locates water on the Moon. NASA announces that the LCROSS mission, with a controlled crash of a device at the south pole of the moon, discovered significant amounts of water.

2015: A series of synchronized terrorist attacks hit Paris, including explosions, shootings and a hostage situation in the 10th and 11th districts of the city. At least 128 people were killed and more than 180 were injured.

Births

354 – Augustine Ippon, bishop and theologian

1312 – Edward III, King of England

1493 – William IV, Duke of Bavaria

1559 – Albert VII, Archduke of Austria

1572 – Cyril Lucaris, Patriarch of Alexandria and Constantinople

1595 – George William, Elector of Brandenburg

1831 – James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist and mathematician

1848 – Albert I, Prince of Monaco

1850 – Robert Louis Stevenson, Scottish writer

1869 – August Heisenberg, German Byzantine scholar

1888 – Antonios Sohos, Greek sculptor

1913 – Alekos Sakellarios, Greek screenwriter and director

1913 – Dimitris Chatzis, Greek writer

1914 – Henri Langlois, French film archivist

1934 – Gary Marshall, American director

1937 – Vangelis Plios, Greek actor

1955 – Whoopi Goldberg, American actress

1956 – Anna Verouli, Greek javelin thrower

1957 – John de Jong, Governor of the US Virgin Islands

1963 – Andreas Bonovas, Greek football player

1969 – Gerard Butler, Scottish actor

1976 – Elisabeth Moutafi, Greek actress

1980 – Milos Vujanic, Serbian basketball player

1999 – Lando Norris, British racing driver

Deaths

867 – Pope Nicholas I

1093 – Malcolm III, King of Scotland

1143 – Folkon, King of Jerusalem

1175 – Henry of Rennes, French Archbishop

1359 – Ivan II, Grand Prince of Moscow

1460 – Henry the Seafarer, Portuguese explorer

1849 – William Etty, English painter

1866 – William Parker, English Admiral

1868 – Gioachino Rossini, Italian composer

1903 – Camille Pissarro, French painter

1951 – Konstantinos Spyridis, Greek politician

1974 – Vittorio de Sica, Italian director

1975 – Evangelos Tomaras, Greek politician

1979 – Giannis Maris, Greek writer

1979 – Michalis Sinakos, Greek resistance fighter

1979 – Dimitris Psathas, Greek playwright

1999 – Christos Kolokotronis, Greek lyricist

2010 – Alan Santage, American astronomer

2014 – Alexander Grotentik, German mathematician

2017 – Ioannis Kapsis, Greek journalist