Lyme disease, what is and how the insidious pathology transmitted by the puncture of an infected mint is manifested

Mainly affects the skinthe jointsThe nervous system they internal organsfirst of all heart and brain. It can be manifested with serious, persistent symptoms and, if it is not treated, it can become chronic. Scientifically known as “Borreliosis of Lyme”, this bacterial infection takes its name to the American citizen of the same name in which the first case was described in 1975. The pathogenic agent, the BorreliaAnd A bacterium that is transmitted to man through the sting of hard ticks genre IXODES and perhaps also from Amblycomma And Dermaventor (the dog ticks).

To talk about it over the past few years, telling their “Calvary” with the disease, were various show characters: from the pop star Justin Bieber, who made it known in 2020 only after defeating it, to the presenter Victoria Cabello, which due to Lyme’s disease has long been far from TV, to the model Bella Hadidwhich during adolescence due to the strong pains caused by the infection, could not cultivate many passions, such as that of horse riding.

In all these cases, the symptoms have been persistent and often also disabling, strongly marking the experience of those who suffered from it. The last in order of time is the singer Justin Timberlakethat in a post on his Instagram profile he revealed that he had contracted it but that he still wanted to continue to the end with his tour, despite the thrilling pains caused by the disease sometimes weakened him visibly.

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What are the symptoms?

As reported by the epicenter platformof the Higher Institute of Health, “the first symptoms of the disease can be intermittent and changing. The disease starts typically in summer by manifesting itself with a red spot that expands slowly. Within a few weeks (which in some cases can become months), they can develop early neurological disorders characterized by migrant arthralgies, mylgies, meningitis, polyneuritis, skin lymphocytoma, myocarditis and atrium-ventricular conduction disorders.
The symptoms are floating and can last for months until they become chronic. The last phase of the disease after months or years from the infection is characterized by alterations to be paid by the musculoskeletal apparatus (chronic arthritis), del central and peripheral nervous system (meningitis, encephalomyelitis, cerebellar ataxia, sensitive -mature polyneuropathies, sleep disorders and behavioral), of the skin (chronic atrophic acrodermatitis) and ofcardiovascular apparatus (myopericarditis, cardiomegaly) ».

How to take care of Lyme’s disease

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In the United States they are available vaccines obtained with genetic engineering techniques, tested and effective and safe results on people aged between 15 and 70, residing in endemic areas of the country. However, these vaccines are not currently usable in Italy and Europe, since only the pathogen is present in the USA B.Burgdorferi Sensu Strictuwhile in Europe there are all the genospecies of Borrelie, who are distinct from each other from an antigenic point of view.
The antibiotic treatment of the disease is usually carried out with drugs such as Doxicicline And clarithromycin more hydroxiclorochin. It is not always through laboratory tests it is possible to definitively confirm or exclude the disease, therefore The choice to start the antibiotic treatment should be taken on the basis of clinical diagnosis and anamnestic and epidemiological data.
Since the disease does not involve the development of immunity, the infection can be contracted several times in the course of life.