The US Aerospace Administration showed a visualization of what a pair of supermassive black holes looks like in a binary system. The video shows how these unusual cosmic objects distort the rays of light emitted by their accretion disks – “whirlpools” of gas heated to high temperatures during the prolonged fall of matter to the singularity.
Weight baboutThe largest black hole in the simulated binary system is 200 million suns, its smaller companion is 100 million. The disks are painted in different colors (red and blue) to make it easier to track light sources.
When viewed from the side of the orbital plane, each disk takes on a distorted appearance. But when one black hole passes “in front” of the other, its gravity visually transforms the partner into a rapidly changing sequence of arcs. These effects appear when light from the disks travels along the gravitationally distorted fabric of spacetime near black holes.
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When viewed almost from the side, the accretion discs are noticeably brighter on one side. Gravitational distortion alters the paths of light emanating from different parts of the disk, creating a distorted image.
The rapid movement of gas near the black hole changes the luminosity of the disk due to Doppler amplification (an effect of Einstein’s theory of relativity), as a result of which the brightness of the side rotating to observer, and the side that rotates to the side from U.S.
The visualization also demonstrates a more subtle phenomenon – relativistic aberration, where black holes appear smaller as they get closer to the viewer and larger as they move away.
These effects disappear when you look at the systems “from above”, but then new ones appear: both black holes “create” small images of their partners that revolve around them.
If you look closely, it is clear that these images are actually “edge-on” views. To create them, light from black holes must be redirected 90 °, that is, we simultaneously observe black holes from two different points – “frontally” and “edge-on”. As each black hole zooms in, several distorted images of its partner can be seen.
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The visualization was created by astrophysicist Jeremy Schnittman of the Space Flight Center. Goddard in Greenbelt, Maryland. On a typical home PC, the computations required for this would take about 10 years, writes NASA, so the Discover supercomputer was used at NASA’s Climate Modeling Center. With ~ 2% of its 129,000 processors in use, it took about a day of machine time.
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