It has been 20 years since the completion of the Human Genome Project, in which scientists sequenced the human genome over more than 10 years. Despite the fact that this event is usually referred to as the decoding of the entire genome, in fact, 92% of the DNA nucleotide sequences were sequenced as part of the project.
And just the other day, an article was published that tells about the decoding of almost all the remaining base pairs. To be more precise, we are talking about 200 million pairs. Thus, scientists now have an almost completely deciphered human genome, although 10 million pairs still remain intact.
Previously undecipherable genome sequences that are now known include protective telomeres and dense projections called centromeres that typically sit in the middle of each chromosome and help organize its replication. Also, the short arms of five chromosomes are almost completely revealed, in which the centromeres are beveled to one end. These short arms were known to contain many genes that code for the backbone of the ribosome.
The new reference genome was named T2T-CHM13. Scientists note that these parts of the human genome are important for understanding genetic diseases, human diversity and evolution, as well as understanding how the genome as a whole works.
Source: ixbt
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