It is known that the oceans do not even have lands, while there are some points that are deeper than the rest. The deepest region, then, that has been observed in the earth’s oceans is called Challenger Deep and has a depth of about 11 km with a deviation of about -40 meters. It is essentially a valley in the southern part of the Mariana Trench, a crescent-shaped area 43 km wide on its floor. Pacific.
The Mariana Trench is located on the border of two converging plates, where two oceanic lithosphere plates collided, causing one of them to descend lower to the Earth’s mantle. At the point where these lithosphere plates collided, an ocean trench was created, which in turn formed the deepest valley in the ocean.
The Marianas Trench was first measured by a British research vessel known as the HMS Challenger in 1875 and the highest depth measured was about 8 km. In 1951, a second HMS Challenger discovered a deeper point in the Marianas Trench using the echo-sounding technique. which in about 10.8 km, while in 2009, RV Kilo Moana researchers who did sonar mapping found that the point was finally depth about 10.97 km with an error of 21 meters.
The most recent measurement by the United States Coast and Ocean Mapping Center in 2010 concluded that the Challenger Deep has a depth of 10.99 km with a deviation of about -40 meters.
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