In 2020, active armed conflicts occurred in at least 39 states: this is five countries more than in 2019. Two conflicts took place in the Americas, seven in Asia and Oceania, three in Europe, seven in the Middle East and North Africa, and 20 more in sub-Saharan Africa. These are the data of the Stockholm Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).
SIPRI notes that as in previous years, most conflicts occurred within the same country between government forces and one or more armed non-state groups.
Two intra-state conflicts were major armed conflicts (> 10,000 deaths per year) – in Afghanistan and Yemen, and 16 – high-intensity armed conflicts (1,000-9999 deaths) – in Mexico, Syria, Nigeria, DRC, Ethiopia, Somalia, Mali, Iraq, South Sudan, Burkina Faso, Mozambique, Cameroon, Libya, Philippines, India and Niger.
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“There have been only two armed conflicts between the states: the ongoing border clashes between India and Pakistan and the border conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over control of Nagorno-Karabakh, which has grown into a conflict of high intensity,” the institute writes.
It noted that two other armed conflicts occurred between state forces and “armed groups that aspired to statehood” (between Israel and the Palestinians and between Turkey and the Kurds).
The hybrid war between Russia and Ukraine is defined in SIPRI as “an ongoing low-intensity international subnational armed conflict in Ukraine.”
They note that in 2020 “again it was not possible to eliminate fundamental disagreements between the parties regarding the nature of the conflict and their participation in it, as well as the implementation of existing agreements.”
Statistics of violations of the last stable ceasefire in Donbass until 12/13/2020:
“Judging by the situation in Ukraine at the end of 2020, there are signs that the conflict is likely to become another of the permanent unresolved conflicts in Europe,” SIPRI predicted.
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