With the arrival of winter, cases of respiratory allergies and infections increase, complicating the lives of many people. Asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are some of the allergic diseases that tend to worsen due to cold and dry air.
Furthermore, staying indoors increases exposure to allergens such as dust mites and pet hair.
The flu and colds are also common at this time of year, but knowing how to differentiate between them is essential. “The flu, caused by the influenza virus, is more severe, with high fever and intense muscle pain. The cold, usually caused by rhinovirus, presents milder symptoms, such as a runny nose and nasal congestion,” explains Sabrina Soares, an infectious disease specialist at Badim Hospital (RJ).
Bacterial infections are distinguished by the intensity and duration of symptoms, as well as the color of secretions, which tend to be thicker and more colorful. See below for other conditions that are very common at this time of year.
Asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis
In winter, the respiratory allergies such as asthma and rhinitis, are intensified due to atmospheric conditions and greater exposure to household allergens.
“Dry, cold air stimulates the airways, worsening the conditions of those who already suffer from these diseases,” says Maria Elisa Bertocco, an allergist at the Allergy and Immunology Service at the Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual (HSPE).
In addition, atopic dermatitis, a skin allergy, also worsens during the season due to hotter baths and inadequately sanitized clothing. “Dry and irritated skin is also a problem, leading to an increase in dermatitis,” adds the specialist. Therefore, it is essential to keep the skin hydrated and avoid factors that can trigger allergic attacks.
Differentiating between viral and bacterial infections
Distinguishing between viral and bacterial infections is crucial for effective treatment. Soares explains that bacterial infections generally present with a more pronounced worsening of the general condition, with high fever and prolonged symptoms.
“Generally, bacterial infections follow viral infections, requiring accurate diagnosis through virus detection tests and blood tests,” adds Marcello Bossois, allergist and immunologist and coordinator of Brasil Sem Alergia.
Viral infections can pave the way for bacterial diseases, especially in vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly. “Viral infections, by producing a lot of mucus, facilitate the entry of bacteria, which can develop into bacterial pneumonia,” explains Bossois.
To treat viral illnesses, rest, hydration and symptomatic medications are essential. Antivirals can be useful in the case of influenza, if administered early.
Bacterial infections require antibiotics, but always under medical supervision. “Prevention is crucial, especially through vaccination against the flu and Covid-19, as well as avoiding crowds and keeping environments well ventilated,” highlights Bossois.
Prevention
To prevent respiratory diseases in winter, vaccination against flu and Covid-19 is essential, especially for risk groups.
“Keeping environments well-ventilated, avoiding crowds and wearing masks are essential measures to reduce the transmission of viruses,” reinforces Soares. In addition, it is important to properly moisturize the skin and avoid very hot baths to prevent the worsening of atopic dermatitis.
It is important to pay attention to signs of bacterial infection, such as yellowish or greenish secretions, which indicate the need for medical intervention. “Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to avoid serious complications,” warns the allergist and immunologist.
Finally, seeking medical assistance when experiencing persistent or severe symptoms is crucial for adequate and effective follow-up.
The “Ites” of winter
In winter, several diseases ending in “itis” become more common. “Bronchitis, sinusitis, bronchiolitis, pharyngitis, among others, are inflammations that can have an allergic or infectious origin,” says Bertocco.
Sinusitis, for example, can be caused by viruses, bacteria or fungi, and differentiating them is essential for proper treatment.
“Bronchiolitis, specifically, is caused by the respiratory syncytial virus, mainly affecting children and the elderly,” adds Bossois.
Impact of allergic diseases in winter
Winter respiratory allergies not only cause immediate discomfort, but can also trigger more serious complications.
“If left untreated, allergic rhinitis can develop into chronic sinusitis, leading to problems such as postnasal drip and worsening asthma,” warns Bossois. In addition, atopic dermatitis can be aggravated by dry skin, increasing vulnerability to secondary infections.
To minimize these risks, it is essential to maintain a good health care routine. “In addition to avoiding triggers, it is important to follow medical recommendations and not self-medicate,” emphasizes Soares.
Constant hydration, both of the skin and the body, and maintaining a clean and airy environment are simple but effective measures to control winter allergies.
Child and Elderly Care
Vulnerable groups, such as children and the elderly, deserve extra attention. “Children are more susceptible to infections such as bronchiolitis, which can lead to the development of asthma,” explains Bossois.
“The elderly, with a more fragile immune system, are at greater risk of serious complications from flu and bacterial infections.”
Therefore, it is crucial to keep vaccinations up to date and adopt healthy habits. “Ventilated environments, a balanced diet and avoiding exposure to crowds are essential precautions to protect these groups,” concludes Bertocco.
Source: CNN Brasil
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